Wiping The Slate CleanDescartes Essays - Belief, Thought

Wiping The Slate Clean:Descartes One of Descartes earliest arguments discusses the law of non-contradiction. In his reasoning, everyone has the same amount of good sense and access to the truth when they are born into this world, yet people obviously disagree on many issues. The reason for this fact is that people do not follow the same line of reasoning because they do not take the same things into consideration as a result of different life experiences. In Descartes law of non-contradiction there is only one truth for every question, so when two people disagree on something, one of them has to be right. A good example of this would be if there were two people. One thinks red is the best color and the other person believes blue is the best color. For Descartes, one or both of these people must be wrong because there is only one truth. His task is to look at this situation and locate who holds the truth. If certain guidelines could be established by which everyone could come to conclusions, it would be possible to o btain this truth, and we would no longer have diversity in opinions. Descartes makes this point in reference to Philosophy when he says, ?seeing that it has been cultivated for many centuries by the most excellent minds that have ever lived and that, nevertheless, there still is nothing in it about which there is not some dispute To him, this means that a primary goal of philosophy, finding truth, has not been achieved. He sets forth to change that by implementing a new method of philosophy. He gathered from this that if everyone disagrees, everything that people believe must be unsure, and therefore a poor basis for truth seeking. He comes to this realization when he says, ?I deemed everything that was merely probable to be well-nigh false.? Descartes new method promoted that, to find truth, you must purge everything based upon anything unsure. Descartes wants to strip himself of all beliefs, including everything he has learned and sensed. Our senses sometimes deceive us, and it only makes sense to choose never to trust in something that has failed us in the past. book learning, at least the kind whose reasonings are merely probable and that do not have any demonstrations, having been composed and enlarged little by little from the opinions of many different persons, does not draw nearly so close to the truth as the simple reasoning that a man of good sense can naturally make about the things he encounters.? He believed knowledge gained from sensation or from books is not clearly true, Descartes needed to find a way to develop a new belief system. He described this new method in four rules, which if obeyed, would constitute a satisfactory belief system and eliminate all disagreement. The first rule states that one should only accept as true what he sees clearly and distinctly as true. Nothing with any possibility of falsity can be included. This brings up an interesting point. Is there anything that is so absolutely true? It would be very difficult to have something be thought of as true to everyone, but that is the job Descartes imposed upon himself. The second rule says it is necessary to break down all problems into as many pieces as possible so it is easier to solve them clearly. The third rule states he will start with the simplest and easiest way to understand objects and move up to more complex issues. The fourth and final rule states that he must periodically check his work, making sure that there is no possibility that he could exclude anything. This is the method by which he plans to establish indisputable truth. Though he proposes we wipe the slate clean, Descartes claims that he is not a skeptic because skepticism ends in doubt while his goal is to firmly establish truth. Descartes is a methodical doubter who uses doubt as a tool to establish truth, so he does not simply propose that we abandon out beliefs without a plan. His four rules are the method by which he proposes to rebuild our beliefs. He argues that if you are going to throw away

The Identity of Frederick Douglass essays

The Identity of Frederick Douglass essays Slavery was perhaps one of the most appalling tragedies in the history of the United States of America. To tell the people of the terrible facts, runaway slaves wrote their accounts of slavery down on paper and published it for the nation to read. Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs were just two of the many slaves who did this. Each of the slaves had different experiences with slavery, but their narratives have one thing in common; they tell the tale of the abominable institution of slavery and the adverse effect it had on their lives. The purpose of this paper is to give an extensive look at the experience of Frederick Douglass as a male slave and compared it to Harriet A. Jacobs experience as a female slave. Frederick Douglass was a successful abolitionist who changed Americas views of slavery through his writings and actions. He grew up as a slave and experienced all of the hardships, such as whippings, scarce meals, and other forms of abuse. Douglass provided a powerful voice for slaves during this period of American history and he is still honored today for his contributions to the fight against racial injustice. Fredericks life as a slave had the greatest impact on his writings. Due to his personal experience with slavery, he was able to channel and develop the necessary emotions and experiences for him to become a successful abolitionist writer and reach the American people. Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, was an autobiography written about his experiences both during and following his life as a slave. The narrative is Douglass tool for establishing himself as an abolitionist leader as well as teaching a varied audience about the reality of slave. I n his narrative, Douglass wrote the complete story of his wretched life as a slave and his strive to obtain freedom. The main motivational force behind his character was to make it through another day so that so...

Argentinas Economics

Examines the economic recovery of the early 1990s under President Menems reforms, background, monetary policy, foreign investment, taxes and future. Introduction Argentina, along with much of Latin America, suffered an economic downturn during the 1980s. However, with the Menem administration (elected in the late 1980s), the country undertook a series of economic reforms designed to bring the country out of its economic doldrums and into a new era of prosperity. Many of those reforms had the desired effect so that by 1994, the country had seen its economic situation improve dramatically; this was reflected in the nations financial markets. The nation suffered an economic recession in 1995, but further steps taken by the government have strengthened the economy to the point that by 1996, performance had returned to 1994 levels. Argentina endured a recession during 1994 and 1995, but its long-term economic performance is expected to be strong. This research considers the economic recovery that

Midterm- assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm- - Assignment Example The promotions received are determined by various things, i.e. personal characteristics, appearance, job performance and intellectual capacity. Promotions to higher level need to maintain an impression on the superiors with intellectual capacity and this intellectual capacity can only be communicated through communication that is done through report writing. Reports exist because business needs information in order to function. Every member or employee who is enrolled into a business, for instance workers and staff employees, have some relevant information regarding his or her job that needs to be communicated. The nature and requirements at different levels in business is different. At lower organizational levels the need for information is relatively low. Work assignments at higher levels require more information. Information is required for business from different aspects. For example, the supervisor needs to keep a record of the data on the output and quality of the production. The supervisor also needs to record the information on the competition, new production techniques; new equipment etc. to be specific information is required by every person inany business. In order to find the relationship of this need in report writing, it can be said that the reports would provide systematic information that is needful for the business because a business must have information in order to function

Writing issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing issues - Essay Example Even if I understand that a written message should be coherent and properly organized, I have realized that my essays always lack this quality. After a careful evaluation of my written works, I found out that I am not well organized, creative and thoughtful (Chandler 26). My efforts to communicate through my writings do not bear fruit since my messages are not arranged in a flowing, interesting and convincing manner. Most of the times, my points are left hanging without being justified. Besides, I find it difficult to use comma. As one of the punctuation marks, comma should always be properly used. It has a lot of uses that vary from time to time and from article to article. For the message to be delivered to the readers, it needs to be appropriately used. However, because I do not know how to use it, my writings have been confusing. At times, they even lose meaning as they are misinterpreted by the readers. In order to appeal to my audience, I need to be more organized in my writings. Meaning, I should be keen on the way I use words and phrases. A part from using conjunctions to make my work coherent, I need to properly structure my writings. They should always start from the introduction and end with the conclusion (Rogers 40). If this is done, the writings will be readable and understandable to anyone who gets an opportunity to access them. Besides, I need to learn to be thoughtful, imaginative and creative. Writing should not just be done for the sake of it. It should be a means of communicating to others. However, if it bores, no one would waste their time reading them. In this regard, I will have to ensure that I improve on these areas. They can make my writings to get the approval of the readers. Otherwise, I will be writing for myself (Boltz 722). On the other hand, I need to look for ways through which I can improve the use of comma. First, I should spend adequate time at the Writing Centre. Here, I

Needs in Different Life Stages Essay Example for Free

Needs in Different Life Stages Essay NEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES! Human Needs Needs: lack of something that is required or desired Needs exist from birth to death Needs influence our behavior Needs have a priority status Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs( levels of need) Meeting Needs Motivation to act when needs felt Sense of satisfaction when needs met Sense of frustration when needs not met Several needs can be felt at the same time Different needs can have different levels of intensity Altered PhysiologicalNeeds Health care workers need to be aware of how illness interferes with meeting physiological needs Surgery or laboratory testing Anxiety Medications Loss of vision or hearing Altered PhysiologicalNeeds (continued) Decreased sense of smell and taste Deterioration of muscles and joints Change in person’s behavior What the health care worker can do to assist the patient with altered needs Summary Be aware of own needs and patient’s needs More efficient and quality care can be provided when know needs and understand motivations Better understanding of our behavior and that of others Summary Recognise that we are all different. Help them to help themselves and become more independent. Everyone has a choice Treat individuals with respect and dignity. Protect vulnerable individuals Different professionals are involved in care formal and informal care provision Summary Our five life stages are the early years, school age, young people in transition (from school to adult life), adults of working age, and older people. For each life stage we have identified the outcomes that everyone would want for themselves at that stage in life.

Inflation and the Economy Essays -- Inflation Economy Economics Essays

Inflation and the Economy WHY UNDER MONETARY FREEDOM INFLATION COULD BE STOPPED WITHOUT BRINGING ABOUT UNEMPLOYMENT 1. Unemployment and inflation do coexist and inflation causes much unemployment which would cease with it. 2. Excessively inflated prices would fall to market prices and so promote sales and employment. 3. Less government spending would mean more private spending. 4. Prices and wages could be adjusted fast. If this is not done then this is not the effect of stopping inflation! 5. Price adjustments through gold-value clearing could take place already during a continuing paper money inflation - leaving no adjustment problem. 6. While FALLING prices do indeed deter from buying and promote unemployment, FALLEN prices do the contrary. Under monetary freedom there would only be FALLEN prices. 7. The un- or under-used productive capital investment would, under monetary freedom, be almost fully used and would thus ensure that there arises or remains no unemployment. 8. Under monetary freedom there would also be no difficulty to mobilize fully the real working capital of any country: the goods and services ready for retail sale and to finance with them full employment - naturally at market wages and prices. 9. Monetary freedom would allow all desired exchanges to take place and would put Say's Law, that supply tends to create equivalent demand, into practice. No sales difficulties or unemployment would result. 10.Unemployment is an unnatural condition: Under monetary freedom it would no more occur than under barter. TEN WAYS HOW, INDEED, WRONG ATTEMPTS TO STOP INFLATION COULD LEAD TO UNEMPLOYMENT - UNDER CONTINUED MONETARY DESPOTISM. 1. Stopping the note ... ...s of the free banking literature. 17. A critique of the note issue monopoly. Sorry, but 15-17 are not yet out, either. On the other hand, LMP has fiched hundreds of monetary freedom titles, including a 124pp free banking bibliography. A handbook on monetary freedom and one dealing especially with cause and cure for unemployment are still in the works by February 1999. John Zube, 11. 2. 1999. Note: I merely scanned this text in and afterward somewhat corrected the scanning and did minor editing. The scanning may still have left some mistakes I did not notice, apart from my own and usual ones. The Word 97 program sometimes insists upon its own layout and stubbornly resists my correction attempts. Somewhat corrected and edited on 26.6.1999 & 2.7.99. Bibliography: Go back to: lmphomepage.htm.htm Go forward to: app23-lt.htm.htm

Management Consultants

What can individual management consultants or management consultancy as a profession contribute to the recover from current economic climate. Introduction †¢ Definition ] †¢ Management consultant history development †¢ Possible contribution of management consultant †¢ Current economic climate, whats needed but organisations in the recovery †¢ What I am going to talk about in the essay – base of my argument Paragraphs †¢ Globilization †¢ Technology †¢ Control of risk †¢ Business become lean †¢ Create jobs Management consultant is a profession and a practice that helps organisations improve productivity and performance through the use of expertise and knowledge. Consultants have been viewed as external experts brought in to provide advice about a specific problem where internal managers are ill equipped or unsure of the best strategy or solution [Kubr, 199622. Consultants use analytical tool to produce organisations future objective and formulate strategic plan to achieve these goals. As pointed out by Rossi (2009) to create value consultants must be precise and creative in ddressing problems organisation faces, proposing innovative solution and taking responsibility of implementation of the recommendations. In the current economic climate no organisation has been immune to the affects of the unstable economic climate. In this environment management consultant has become important due to the fact that a change in direction is required; consultants offer this change in a decisive way si nce they have an impartial opinion and an external view of organisation. As a result of the credit crunch the current economic climate is unpredictable, with high level of unemployment, high inflation and euro zone crisis; organisations have had to find innovative ways to stay competitive in their markets. This has resulted in organisations reducing the use of consultants as firms cancel or delay project in order to save money. However for some firms the current economic crisis is beyond anything they have experienced before, with modest guidance from historic evidence to depend on, they have looked toward management consultants for assistance and help to survive the recession. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the different ways in which consultants can contribute to the economic recovery in general, whilst critically analysing the interventions management consultants can make and its limitations to be specific. Globalisation and technological advances led the economic boom that nations experienced during the late 1990s, however due to the banking crisis of 2008-2010 the economies around the world have never full recovered. The recovery of the global economies according to Shaikh (2010) is going to dependant on business spending and investments in emerging market such as China as well as efficient management of resources. In the current economic climate, organisations are facing high cost of production and low levels of liquidity, by moving production to low-cost countries organisations will be able to decrease their cost of production. Management consultancy will be imperative for organisation in the strategic planning in order to meet these objectives; as they offer expertise in efficiency management and risk management needed in investing in new markets. Leaman (2008) pointed out that the one of the challenges organisations face when moving into a new country is management of workforce due to the difference in culture. Consultancy can help organisations in managing and training an international workforce by advising the managers on human resources issues such as workforce retention and in turn provide workforce stability. Consultancy can intervene by offering the organisation specific tools to control employee turnover and services which in turn will benefit the organisation retain their best employees. Retaining the best employees is important in this current economic environment as it cuts training cost for new employees that replace them. This will improve the organisation’s efficiency and also the organisation’s liquidity. Leaman concluded that during a recession a lot of hard work is now focused on driving out costs and making organisations more effective and efficient. A way in which organisations can improve their efficiency is by investing in technology. Porter and Millar (1985) agued that improvements in technology enhances organisations’ competitive edge and leads to greater efficiency. In the current economic environment the improvements in efficiency in businesses will contribute to the economic growth due to the fact that businesses would be utilizing their resources more in production. Management consultancy can contribute to this increase in efficiency by raising attention to problems in current system or implementation of new system. The expertise in data collection and analysis of system help management consultants to measure different ways in which organisation can improve the current system or propose a new one. This can be seen in the Personal Care North America’s order management system that was created by a supply chain and system consultancy firm called Clarkston in 2008. After the merger of Chesebrough-Ponds, Lever Brother and Helen Curtis the organisation had three different order supply systems which consultants proved was an inefficient system as it was expensive and slow to run. They analysed data from customer responses and inventory management to collude that the organisation needed to merge the systems and have one unified system that provides a real-time view of the entire order-to-cash process. According to Clarkston Consulting by having a full integrated system the business process is simplified and efficient providing a platform for organisations to meet their needs and projected growth. This intervention made by the consultancy firm indicates that consultancy as a practice can contribute to an increase in efficiency in organisations, which will lead to an increase in economic activity by the organisation and in turn help the economy. According to Akintoye, MacLeod (1998) the economic recovery is going to be reliant on the improvements in market driven companies. They have suffered in growth due to the lack of disposable income of their customers due to increases in VAT and inflation. They have also suffered due to the increasing power of consumers who have more opportunities to choose Cairo (2010). In this situation management consultancy can contribute by advising the organisations the different way in which they could increase their understanding of their market, thus give them the ability to increase their customer retention and draw new customers. Consultancy can achieve this through market research and analysis of consumer trends, so they can tune existing marketing complain to optimization strategy for the changing consumers. By ensuring that the organisation meets these objectives consultants can provide a platform for the organisation to achieve future growth. This growth will lead to an increase in spending by the organisation on such things as infrastructure, recruitment and training, thus creating jobs for an economy that is experiencing high level of unemployment at the moment. The time and cost over-runs associated with organisational growth make it imperative that the investments safe and provide good returns. It’s important due to the fact that the economic environment is in a bad state as a result of bad risk management by bank in lending. Management consultancy can reduce the risk of investment and create a safe path for growth by planning ahead to avoid pitfalls. By using specific methodologies to analyse market data they ensure that product launches are successful. Management consultants’ analysis of market data will allow organisation to make accurate strategic marketing decision to reduce the risk of frailer for their investment. By reducing the risk of failure the business will be able to grow and produce more output. Vassalou (2002) study shows that an increase in output or growth by businesses contributed to an increase in GDP for a country. Management consultant could also intervene in situation when businesses are about to invest in a risky investment. From expertise and nowledge gained from other businesses, management consults could step in with advices for businesses not to invest in certain products or markets. By intervening and stopping the investment by business into risky ventures the management constancy reduces the cost of bailout that will be needed to recue businesses that are too big to fail. Management consultants on the other hand have limitation to the contribution they can make to the economy. There are other exte rnal factors that are outside the control of management consultancy that affect the data collection, analysis and advise they give to business. Economic factors such as the euro zone crisis have adverse influence on UK business due to the relationship and the dependence of UK businesses to mainland Europe. This is due to the fact that UK exports to Europe amounts to 48% total exports and 15% of annual GDP Global Britain Publication (2009). This is vital to the recovery of the economy due to the fact that at the moment Europe is are suffering high levels of inflation and have low disposable income to purchase UK products or services. This is going to lead to reduction in demand for UK goods and services in Europe, thus affect the growth and sustainability of UK businesses. In this situation management consultancy’s influence on the business will be limited due to the fluctuations in the economy. The analysis of market data will be constantly changing which may lead to businesses cutting consultancy as they will not be achieve the results the client are expecting. The practice is criticised for not having real corporate world experience, knowledge and skills. Kubr M 1996 Management Consulting: A Guide to the Profession 3rd revised ed. Geneva ILO

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay

Abstract This paper is about the case study, â€Å"How Personal Can ethics Get†. This paper discusses the dilemmas that Valerie Young has to face at her Chicago based fragrance employer named Wisson. Secondly, I will discuss what I would do if I were in the same dilemma as Valerie. Next, it discusses how personal differences and preference can impact organizations ethics. Lastly, this paper discusses how organizational policies and procedures can impact organizational ethics. How Personal Can Ethics Get? This case focuses on the ethical dilemmas that Valerie Young has to deal with her employer Wisson. Valerie is an immigrant worker that is currently working in the United States on a work visa. Valerie has uncovered unethical practices by her manager Lionel Waters. Valerie has discovered that Lionel Waters was violating Wissons company policy that no employee should take personal payments, bribes or kickbacks to customers or suppliers or the receipt of kickbacks, bribes and personal kickbacks are prohibited. Valerie has discovered documentation showing that Waters is receiving personal kickbacks from two fragrance companies through his personal company. This concerns Valerie since her division only receives projects from these two fragrance companies now instead of the other fragrance companies they have worked for in the past. She did not understand this why they did not work with the other companies anymore. She claimed that the other companies had some great project but these companies did not receive consideration from Wisson. Waters demonstrates the self-serving principle of might-equals right, which states you do whatever you are powerful enough to impose on others without respect to socially acceptable behaviors(). Waters demonstrates this ethical principle by willingly funneling kickback money into his personal business account, which is a violation of company policy. Waters is powerful enough to receive kickbacks from the fragrance companies and keep it hidden since he is an executive at Wisson. Ethical Dilemmas that Valerie Faces Valerie was making copies at work when she found some documents on the printer that belonged to Waters. The documents were on letterheads from Waters personal consultation company. On these documents, Valerie found out that Waters has been collect kickbacks from two fragrance companies. Valerie was very stunned about her findings and she was not sure what to do. Valerie was recently accepted to a Master of Science program and did not want to jeopardize her education nor her job. She decided to keep this quit for the reason that she did not know who she could trust. Valerie is currently in the United States on a work visa. Due to this fact she must have a job in order to remain in the United States. She discusses her findings with her boyfriend who she feels is the only person she can trust. He suggests that she keeps her findings quite until she has completed school and has secured a job since she is on a work visa. Valerie uses an ethical intensity in making her decision. The ethical intensity she displays is the magnitude of consequences, which is defined as the harm or benefit accruing to individuals affected by a decision or behavior(). She displays magnitude of consequences since her decision will affect if she will be able to stay in the United States on her work visa or if she will be forced to leave if she brings forward her findings and loses her job at Wission. Valerie also displays the self-serving principle of hedonist, which you do whatever is in your own self interest(). She displays this principle because she knows that it would be unethical to keep her findings quite but she puts what would benefit her the most first. She decided to keep her findings quite at this time so she could finish her studies and run the risk of losing her job. What Valerie should do? If I were in the same dilemma as Valerie I would handle the situation in a different way. If I had found the personal documents that were violating company policy I would bring that information to the attention of my superiors. I would send this information anonymously. I would do it anonymously due to the fact that I do not want my identity revealed at this time. This would be important for the reason that if my identity were revealed I would run the risk of losing my job due to retaliation from Waters and associates that were inside this situation. I would not want to run this risk given that I am on a work visa and would be forced to leave the United States and jeopardize my education if I lose my job due to retaliation from any insiders. How Personal Differences and Preference Can  Impact Organizational Ethics Ethics is defined as the study of moral values, principles and rules, including the determination of standards of conduct and obligations for individuals and organizations(). This definition implies that one individual may make see one thing ethical while another may see it unethical. Individuals develop their own code of personal ethics based upon a wide variety of sources and belief systems. Virtually everybody acquires and develops their sense of right and wrong via their parents and parental influences(origin). Since there are many views of what is ethical and unethical, Lawerence Kohlberg developed the stages of moral development. This model demonstrates how an individual will make decision on ethical dilemmas within an organization. Kohlberg suggest that an individual progresses through these stages during their lifetime. This model is made up of six stages of moral development, which are divided into three levels of development. The first level of development is referred to as the â€Å"pre-conventional† level. At this level, an individual evaluates ethical issues based on idea of avoiding punishment and seek personal reward. The second level is termed â€Å"conventional† level. At this stage an individual evaluates ethical issues on the basis of the fairness to others and a desire to conform to societal rules and expectations. The highest level is referred to as the â€Å"principled level. At this level an individual is likely to apply principles, such as utilitarian, deontological, or justice, to ethical issues in attempt to resolve them(referece). According to Kohlberg, a person in the principled level is likely to look into themselves rather than be influenced by organizational expectations(reference). Business ethics is defined as principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business(reference). The stages of moral development can be used to show how individuals at different levels will handle ethical situations within in organization. We can also use the stakeholder and shareholder to express personal differences. Individuals who use the shareholder perspective focuses on decisions that are in the owners’ best interest. Individuals who use the shareholder perspective feels that ethical business practices are ones that make the most money. Individuals who back the stakeholder perspective believe that companies should consider  the needs and interests of multiple stakeholder groups, not just those with direct financial stake in the organization’s profits and losses(business). In other words, organizations that use this perspective consider how decisions will affect individuals on the inside and outside of the organization. How Organizational Policies and Procedures can Impact Organizational Ethics Since individuals have different views and perceptions on ethical issues many organizations have created policies and procedures. These policies are usually termed as the organizations code of conduct. Codes of conduct are formal policies, procedures and enforcement mechanism that outline moral and ethical expectations of an organization(reference). These policies are important to an organization since they lay out the norms and belief of the organization. Policies and procedures allow organizations to handle ethical issues effectively as the rise within in the organization. Policies allow an organization to deal with an ethical matter in a uniform manner since the organization has outlined the norms and beliefs of the organization. Individuals within an organization may have a different set of norms and beliefs resulting in ethical issues being resolved in ways that the organization may deem unethical. Policies and procedures are vital to an organization culture. Conclusion In Conclusion, this case study presents a dilemma that individuals experience on a day-to-day basis’s. It is important for a person to deal with ethical issues in an ethical way. This case also shows how personal differences affect how ethical issues are dealt with. If Valerie was not an immigrant worker on a visa she may have approached this ethical issue in a different manner. It is also important for an organization to have policies and procedures in place to deal with ethical issues as they arise within an organization. Policies are also insure ethical dilemmas are resolved in a manner that the society deems ethical. This will insure that the organizational will thrive in the future.

Ethical Issues in the Non

Ethical Issues in the Non A non profit institution can simply be defined as an organization that is not after making money but after improving the quality of the human life. Obviously, to achieve this, these organizations have to spend money which has been donated. That has brought some series of challenges that would not have otherwise been present, in a profit making firm. Unlike profit oriented organizations, where they balance their cash books at the end of the year, non-profit organizations have to check each and every aspect.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in the Non-Profit Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is quite a load of work, considering that the organizations are funded by donors who often demand to know how their money is spent. On top of that, monetary policies in non-profit organizations are ever changing. For example, nowadays they are required to consider decrease in value of fixed property (Solnik, 2002 ). One of the common ethical codes in non profit organizations is that, no single person is supposed to profit from the institution. That means for these organizations to continue running, they have to depend on volunteers and donations. People are supposed to offer their services or commodity to the organization for free. In one way or the other, that goes against human nature. Not adhering to this principle, of free giving, has resulted to the once too often non ethical cases. Workers in the non-profit organizations are supposed to be honest. Honesty is usually easier said than observed. It is impossible to measure how honest a manager is when he is estimating the annual expenditure. If the manager under estimates the amount of funds needed, then the organization’s projects may fail. If he over estimates, he will be considered unethical. It might be that by over estimating, the organization will always have the funds needed. In circumstances like this, being b rutally honest might be wrong for the organization. Situations like this, usually poses great ethical dilemma to non profit organizations (White, 2010). Non-profit organizations are required to reveal their dealings to the public since they use publically raised money. Disclosure regulations are meant to protect donors by convincing them that their money is well spent. Financial disclosure is the one that attracts a lot of interest from the public (Phelan Desiderio, 2007). Non-profit organizations are required by the IRS to provide full disclosure of their finances. They display all their financial expenditure in their websites so that everyone can see. Voluntary disclosure law allows the public to know about all the voluntary services being offered. It enables the public to know which services have been provided on voluntary basis and which have been paid for. Disclosure of the project plan and implementation helps the public to be aware of the exact operations of the organization . This way, the donors have the opportunity to monitor the organization and find out how efficient it is (Svara, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These disclosure laws have in many ways helped in monitoring the individuals in the organization, especially morally. The great transparency present in the organization leaves no room for emergence of scandals. These laws also make it easier for the donors to trust the managers of these organizations, since the laws allow the involvement of the donors in the operations to some extent. When the managers are aware that they are under the public scrutiny, they are bound to produce impressive results at the end of the year. Disclosure laws have improved the operations of non-profit organizations, and have made them serve the public more efficiently (Silverman, 2008). References Phelan, M. E., Desiderio, R. J. (2007). Non-Profit Org anizations Law and Policy, (American Casebook Series) (American Casebooks). Seattle: West Group. Silverman, M. G. (2008). Compliance Management for Public, Private, or Non-Profit Organizations . New York: McGraw-Hill. Solnik, C. (2002 , February 1 ). Not-for-profits by the numbers. Web. Svara, J. H. (2006). The Ethics Primer for Public Administrators in Government and Nonprofit Organizations . Chicago: Jones Bartlett Learning. White, D. (2010). The Nonprofit Challenge: Integrating Ethics into the Purpose and Promise of Our Nations Charities. New Jersy: Palgrave Macmillan.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in the Non-Profit Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

One Way ANOVA Involves Comparison of Two or More Populetion Means Research Paper

One Way ANOVA Involves Comparison of Two or More Populetion Means - Research Paper Example This sample will be a good one since it will be easier to administer the survey to the 50 employees as compared to the whole population. In addition, by using simple random sampling we will reduce the degree of biasness in the data that we will collect. In our survey, we will use an anonymous questionnaire in which the employees will not be required to provide their personal details like names or employees numbers. Moreover, the questionnaires will be distributed to the respondent by a group of interviewers who will collect them later in the evening. This will not only help in promoting the truthfulness of our data but also the confidentiality and privacy of the respondents.Since the survey will be anonymous there will be no need for individual’s consent. The data we will be aiming to obtain using the questionnaire will not include any form of personal sensitive data. The benefits that respondents will gain from the survey is that the information obtained will be handed over t o the business management team that can use it in determining which kind of incentive to use to motivate them. To protect the interests of my respondents, I decided to use a self-administered questionnaire thus the information obtained by the questionnaire would not be traced to a specific employee. Moreover, I will use people who are not affiliated in any form with the management of the business to distribute and collect the questionnaires. A day or two before the actual date of the survey, I will write an email to all the employees in that business requesting them to participate in the survey if selected for our sample. These pre-message will be dear sir/ madam, two days from now I will distribute some questionnaires to some of you who will be randomly selected for the survey that I have created. The survey relates to a research that I am conducting to determine what motivates employees to work harder. I realize that you might be selected for our sample since the selection will be fully random. Please take a few minutes of your time to complete the questionnaire that will be distributed to you. The questionnaire will be anonymous and less than for pages and thus it will not take much of your time, thank you. I will also send them a post email a day or two after the actual survey date. This message will be a thank you note for helping me in my research by participating in the survey I undertook in your place of work. Any kind of information you volunteered to give will be held with the highest degree of confidentiality and will only be used for this research only, Regards. Our first hypothesis is that motivational program or incentive schemes are effective in improving employees’ performance. In this case, we will have one variable, which will be the number of employees. This variable will be measured in two categories; one category will be those employees who think they are motivated by motivational programs and incentive schemes while the other categ ory will be those who think otherwise. This variable is measuredon an interval basis and it is a numerical variable. This variable will be analyzed using one way ANOVA which can be done using SPSS do determine the categories which carry more weight. â€Å"One way ANOVA involves comparison of two or more population

Moral Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Moral Autobiography - Essay Example Genetics made me possess certain innate qualities that I find difficult to erase. However, it seems to me that socialization had a larger role in deciding my outward behavior (Text). For example, my present skills, knowledge, values, emotions and my role are all decided by the society. Admittedly, the very beginning of my socialization was from family followed by peers, school and the wider society. Thus, the beginning of my ethics was from my family, especially my parents. As my father is a Jew and mother has no affiliation with any religion, I grew up with no influence of any religion on me. However, the values of ethics that developed in me were mainly imported from the values I observed in my parents. In the early stages of my life, that is play, I imitated the surroundings I saw. I played doctor, police, father and teacher. At this stage, even without my knowing, the basic values of ethics were getting inculcated. Evidently, in the beginning, my ethics was entirely normative in nature. Admittedly, it was somewhat in the kind of the Golden Rule that one should do to others what one wants others to do to one. I learnt the fact that I should respect my parents, teachers and all elders. In addition, certain fundamentals like killing or harming is bad, it is good to help others were also incorporated into my ethical repertoire. Here, the tenets of Role Theory seem useful. According to the theory, the observable social behavior of people is like carrying out ones role in the society. For example, as a child I was made to obey my parents and all other elders I met. In addition, as the Symbolic Interaction Theory suggests, I started developing the concept of self. As I was defining myself, I found myself taking the role of a son and a student. As a child, I used to observe and play the roles of various people. As I imitated my father, I observed how my father has been with me, and thus I got the ideas of ethics. Admittedly, at this stage, I got no influence of rel igion, and the only ethical aspects of my life came from my parents' advice and observation I made. As a result of the normative nature of my ethics, I can say it was virtue ethics that I upheld in the beginning. It was inculcated not as my duty, but as a virtue I should develop. If I try to mention them, the very first thing is that one is supposed to respect all elders, especially parents and teachers. In addition, I found that unnecessarily harming anyone is morally wrong as Symbolic Interaction Theory claims. As I found that others do not engage in such activities that are harmful to others, I realized that harming others is immoral. However, as I reached adolescence and started mingling with may people, I reached what is called utilitarian concept. I found the fat that if I behave well with others, there is the feeling of wellbeing in the group I live. In addition, there was the development of deontological idea that I can expect in return, the kind of virtue I produce. In addi tion, I rightly followed the principles of virtue ethics by trying to develop a eudaimon life that gives satisfaction. Admittedly, this took place mainly because my parents, especially my mother taught me that if one has virtue in life, or if one always does good things in life, one will have peace and thus will be a good human being. However, reaching adolescence and reaching the Christian school, my concepts of ethics developed and altered a lot. Admittedly, Christian ethics varies from ethics in general. While Christian ethics stress on what